ABSTRACT
This is a Document from de Chilean Society of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, along with the Chilean Society of Physical Therapy of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Exercise , Primary Prevention , Quality of Life , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Consensus , Secondary Prevention , Sedentary Behavior , Cardiac Rehabilitation/methodsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the level of physical activity in asthmatics in comparison with non-asthmatics in a population study. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 13 to 14-year-old adolescents who participated in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). The subjects were classified into three groups: individuals with active asthma, individuals diagnosed with asthma, and respiratory asymptomatic individuals. To evaluate the level of physical activity, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short version) was used. The analysis consisted of comparing individuals with active asthma, diagnosed as asthmatic and asymptomatic, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The participants were 1,591 adolescents, of which 791 (49.7%) were male. There were 222 (14.0%) individuals with active asthma and 284 (17.8%) asthma diagnoses; 55% of the population were physically active. Adolescents diagnosed with asthma were more active than their non-asthmatic peers (64.4 versus 53.3%; p=0.001). Conclusions: Adolescents diagnosed with asthma were more physically active than their non-asthmatic peers.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de atividade física (AF) em asmáticos, comparando com não asmáticos, em estudo populacional. Métodos: Estudo transversal com adolescentes de 13 a 14 anos que participaram do estudo International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Os indivíduos foram classificados em três grupos: indivíduos com asma ativa, indivíduos com diagnóstico de asma e assintomáticos respiratórios. Para avaliar o nível de AF, foi utilizado o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) versão curta. A análise consistiu na comparação de indivíduos com asma ativa, com diagnóstico de asma e assintomáticos, sendo o nível de significância considerado de 5%. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 1.591 adolescentes, 791 (49,7%) do sexo masculino. Apresentaram asma ativa 222 (14,0%) indivíduos e diagnóstico de asma 284 (17,8%). Foram fisicamente ativos 55,1% da população. Adolescentes com diagnóstico de asma foram mais ativos do que seus pares não asmáticos (64,4 versus 53,3%; p=0,001). Conclusões: Adolescentes com diagnóstico de asma apresentavam-se fisicamente mais ativos do que seus pares não asmáticos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/physiopathology , Asthma/psychology , Asthma/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Exercise/physiology , Exercise/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Background: Toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is a protein located in the cell membrane with an important function in the immune response of the organism. Its activation decreases heart contractility and activates nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kB ). This in turn, increases the synthesis of different pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inducible enzyme nitric oxide (iNOS), which plays an important role in the inflammatory processes when nitric oxide production is enhanced. Aim: To determine if, after one session of acute exercise, expression of TLR-4 and iNOS, and activation of NF-kB are induced in rat cardiac tissue. Material and Methods: Exercise and control groups of eight male Wistar rats each, were studied. The exercise group was subjected to an acute exercise bout lasting one hour. After the exercise, the heart was excised to measure the expression of iNOS and TLR-4 genes by quantitative polyme-rase chain reaction, NF-kB activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and p50 by Western blot. Results: After exercise, there was an increase in TLR-4 and of iNOS mRNA levels (+46.7 and +74.3% respectively). NF-kB activation and the nuclear expression of its p50 subunit also increased significantly (+240 and +306% respectively). Conclusions: Increased expression of TLR4 following a session of acute exercise may contribute to the activation of the NF-kB signaling route, promoting the synthesis of nitric oxide, which could influence negatively the cardiac response to high intensity physical exercise.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Myocarditis/etiology , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , /metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay , Myocardium/metabolism , Physical Exertion/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
This study was conducted to investigate the evaluation of nutrition and exercise education program on weight control for obese children. The subjects of this study were 28 obese children and their parents living in Geyongnam area. The weight control program consisted of exercises for children and nutrition education for both children and their parents. The BMI values of the children were significantly reduced from 27.96 kg/m2 to 27.22 kg/m2 after 11 weeks (p < 0.001) and to 27.65 kg/m2 after one year. Dietary habits and exercise patterns were also changed positively. For the children, while the frequency of eating breakfast and appropriate chewing habits were increased, the percentages of eating in inappropriate position and the frequency of buying snacks were decreased (p < 0.001). In terms of exercise, the proportion of doing exercise more than 30 minutes, participating in physical activity classes actively, and walking rather than taking a car were significantly increased. Nutrition knowledge of both the student and parent respondents were significantly increased when measured immediately after the education and even a year after compared to their knowledge status measured before the program (p < 0.001). Both the students (82.1%) and parents (96.4%) were satisfied with the overall weight control program. Exercise therapy was chosen as the most beneficial content. Reparticipation intention was comparable between the students (28.6%) and their parents (67.9%). A year after survey results revealed that 71.4% of students controlled their weight by doing regular exercises (55.0%) and controlling overeating (45%). Parents often applied healthy cooking methods (89.3%) and low calorie menus (64.3%), which they learned from nutrition education. Most parents perceived that the weight control program was helpful for their children (89.3%) and themselves (92.9%) as well.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Breakfast , Cooking , Surveys and Questionnaires , Eating , Exercise , Exercise Therapy , Feeding Behavior , Hyperphagia , Intention , Mastication , Motor Activity , Obesity , Parents , Snacks , WalkingABSTRACT
Background: Phlebodium Decumanum is a type of fern that could have an immune or stress response modulating action. Aim: To evaluate if the consumption of a preparation obtained from Phlebodium Decumanum, modifies the changes induced by exercise in plasma levels of testosterone and cortisol. Material and methods: Fourteen male subjects aged 22 ± 2 years were randomized to consume Phlebodium Decumanum and 10 subjects, aged 23 ± 1 years were ascribed to consume a placebo. Both groups performed a standard exercise program, three times a week during one month. Plasma free testosterone and cortisol levels were measured before and 48 hours after the last session of the exercise program. Results: Cortisol levels increased significantly from 18.9 ± 6.8 to 26.2 ± 5.9 fig/dl, in the control group. In the group consuming the study product, no changes were detected (20.0 ±4.6 and 20.9 ± 5.9) fig/dl before and after the exercise program, respectively). Plasma free testosterone decreased significantly in both groups from 36.1 ± 11.04 to 20.7 ±4.3 pg/ml in the control group and from 33.7 ± 10.0 pg/ml to 18.6 ± 4.9 pg/ml in study group. Conclusions: The cortisol levels increased significantly in the control group but not in the study group. Therefore we can suggest that consumption of Phlebodium Decumanum would be able to modulate the response of this hormone to physical stress.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Exercise/physiology , Ferns/chemistry , Hydrocortisone/blood , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Testosterone/blood , Statistics, Nonparametric , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: An exercise program, which was composed of motions simple and easy to follow, was developed and applied to aged women as a way to improve their health conditions. METHOD: To ascertain the effects of the exercise, which was conducted twice a week and 16 times in total for 8 weeks from September 10 to November 5, 2005 in two experimental groups (31 persons) and a control group (31 persons), this study conducted quasi-experiments of nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC Win 10.0, the reliability of the measuring tools using Cronbach's alpha, the verification of equivalence for general properties and dependent variables using Chi-square test and t-test, and the verification of hypotheses using t-test and ANCOVA. RESULTS: After the exercise program, the aged women showed profitable evaluation of decisional balance, high feeling of self-efficacy as well as improved subjective awareness of health. Their diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were also reduced significantly after the exercise. CONCLUSION: After the conduct of the exercise program for 8 weeks, aged women showed increased profitable decisional balance, self-efficacy and subjective awareness of health. This suggests that continuous and proper exercise is effective as an intervention for health improvement for the aged as well as the prevention of and recovery from geriatric diseases.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Blood Pressure , Cholesterol , Evaluation Studies as Topic , PsychologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The present study analyzed the contents of exercise programs for the elderly in Korean and foreign articles. METHOD: This study analyzed 27 Korean and 20 foreign exercise-related articles selected from Web DBs using keywords 'exercise', 'exercise program' and 'exercise effect'. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 through descriptive statistics, chi2 test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: In the description of population, random sampling and informed consents, foreign articles were higher than Korean articles. In research design, foreign articles randomized controlled trials (RCTs) higher than Korean articles. The contents of exercise programs in the Korean and foreign articles were aerobic, walking and stretching. On the effects of exercise programs in the Korean articles, walking showed the highest frequency in the physical strength as well as muscle strength, balance and flexibility. In the foreign articles, walking and stretching showed high frequency in physical strength. CONCLUSION: Contents significant in exercise programs for the elderly were walking and stretching. In addition, regular exercise had a positive effect on muscle strength, flexibility and balance in the elderly.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Muscle Strength , Pliability , Research Design , WalkingABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Health , Paresis , Rehabilitation , StrokeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was done to analyze the trends in excercise-related research in nursing and non nursing research studies published in Korea. METHOD: Two hundred and ten research studies published in Korea between January, 1990 and December, 2002 were analyzed according to the criteria of methological characteristics, pattern of excercise-related program, and measurement index of exercise effect. RESULTS: There were twice many papers from nursing compared to other fields, and many experimental studies in nursing were done with more variety than in non nursing fields. Aspects of exercise pattern, such as excercise type, duration, and frequency, exercise-intervention pattern, and applying theory were especially included. When patterns of excercise therapy and index of exercise effect were analyzed, each researcher used their own unique excercise contents and intervention patterns(excercise time per week, exercise duration at each time period, excercise, intervention time, and etc). CONCLUSION: For the importance of exercise therapy to health improvement and the proper suggestion of exercise therapy on the basis of this research, meta-analysis of exercise effect are needed, and with this analysis, intervention patterns of exercise, development of standard exercise therapy, and identification of exercise effects are required.
Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy , Korea , Nursing Research , NursingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: This prospective study was conducted to assess the effect of walking-exercise on the bowel cleansing before colonoscopy and to define subgroup of patients to whom walking-exercise was beneficial. METHODS: Before taking 2.5 L of polyethylene glycol, 393 out-patients were randomized into two groups (G1; walking-exercise, G2; non-exercise) and the amount of walking-exercise was estimated by the step counter. A single colonoscopist performed the procedure with a single-blinded manner and estimated the bowel cleansing. RESULTS: A total of 366 patients were included by per protocol analysis. The number of step count was significantly different between two groups (p<0.000). However, the groups were similar in other data collected. The degree of bowel cleansing between two groups was significantly different (p<0.01). Age, history of abdominal surgery, constipation, obesity and walking- exercise were related to the degree of bowel cleansing. Interestingly, walking-exercise was especially beneficial to patients with age less than 65 years, without history of abdominal surgery, and non-obesity. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that absence of constipation (OR=4.74), walking- exercise (OR=2.04), and younger age (OR=1.97) were independent factors associated with better bowel cleansing. Most of walking patients (97.4%) answered that walking-exercise is more comfortable than taking the solution. CONCLUSIONS: The walking-exercise was of an additional benefit to improve colonoscopic bowel cleansing without significant patients discomfort.
Subject(s)
Humans , Colonoscopy , Constipation , Multivariate Analysis , Obesity , Outpatients , Polyethylene Glycols , Prospective Studies , WalkingABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetics of Vco<SUB>2</SUB>during incremental exercise. The subjects were 7 males, age 21-28 years, exercised at two steady state work loads (540 kpm/min, 810 kpm/min) and incremental work load which was increased stepwise by every 1 min from 180 kpm/min to exhaustion. The Vo<SUB>2</SUB>and Vco<SUB>2</SUB>during steady state exercise (4 to 5 min) were determined by the Douglas bag method and arterialized blood samples were taken for lactate (LA) analysis and blood gas analysis. The Vo<SUB>2</SUB>, Vco<SUB>2</SUB>, and blood lactate were also determined throughout the incremental exercise. At exhaustion, mixed venous Pco<SUB>2</SUB> (PVco<SUB>2</SUB>) was determined by the CO<SUB>2</SUB>rebreathing method.<BR>1) The Vco<SUB>2</SUB>values at rest and during steady state exercise were linearly related to the Vo<SUB>2</SUB>values. When the regression line was compared with Vco<SUB>2</SUB>during the incremental exercise on the same Vo<SUB>2</SUB>, the Vco<SUB>2</SUB>during the incremental exercise below the anaerobic threshold showed lower values.<BR>2) The total sum of the difference in Vco<SUB>2</SUB>between steady state and incremental exercise was defined as CO<SUB>2</SUB>store. The calculated CO<SUB>2</SUB>store and CO<SUB>2</SUB>store per body weight were significantly related to PVco<SUB>2</SUB>at exhaustion in incremental exercise, respectively (r=0.954, r=0.954) .<BR>3) At work load below the anaerobic threshold, Vco<SUB>2</SUB>was linearly related to Vo<SUB>2</SUB>. If the Vco<SUB>2</SUB>above the anaerobic threshold is estimated from Vo<SUB>2</SUB>using the regression line obtained at work load below the anaerobic threshold, the estimated Vco<SUB>2</SUB>will be lower than the measured Vco<SUB>2</SUB>. The total sum of the difference in the Vco<SUB>2</SUB>was defined as CO<SUB>2</SUB>excess. The CO<SUB>2</SUB>excess and the CO<SUB>2</SUB>excess per body weight were significantly related to ΔLAmax (the difference between LA at 3rd min after exhastion and LA at exercise below the anaerobic threshold), respectively (r=0.870, r=0.930) .<BR>4) HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>calculated from blood gases (pH and Pco<SUB>2</SUB>) was significantly related to LA (r=-0.902) . The increase of 1 mM/1 in LA was corresponding to the decrease of 0.843 mEq/l in HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>.<BR>5) From these results, it appeared that the expired Vco<SUB>2</SUB>during the incremental exercise consisted of the stored Vco<SUB>2</SUB>, the exceeded Vco<SUB>2</SUB>, and the produced Vco<SUB>2</SUB> (Vco<SUB>2</SUB>metabolically produced from Vo<SUB>2</SUB>) .